A Theory of Justice by John Rawls6/2/2023 In recent times, however, this tradition has seemed unavailable to sophisticated opinion. And it is no accident that the Founding Fathers looked to this theory, in Locke's version of it, for their main philosophical doctrines. In the opinion of John Rawls, professor of philosophy at Harvard, the social contract theory of Rousseau and Kant provides the main such alternative. It is, therefore, a crucial task of moral and political philosophy to make clear the inadequacy of utilitarian concepts and, more important, to provide a persuasive alternative to them. But utilitarian attitudes are incompatible with our moral judgment and with the principles on which our Constitution rests. For too long now, the main tradition of moral philosophy has been utilitarian in its broad assumptions: people ought to work for “the greatest happiness of the greatest number” of their fellow‐men minorities should submit to the interests of the majority.
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